Miniature Magnetic Robots Could Revolutionize Early Cancer Detection with Non-Invasive Real-Time Diagnostics

Recently, a research team from the University of Leeds, the University of Glasgow, the University of Edinburgh, and other institutions has developed a miniature magnetic robot capable of performing 3D scans from deep within the human body and providing diagnostic data in real time. Through a "virtual biopsy" technique, doctors can identify, stage, and potentially treat lesions in a single non-invasive procedure, which could revolutionize early cancer detection. The study was published in Science Robotics.

The key breakthrough in this research lies in a little-known geometric shape—the oloid. This asymmetric structure, formed by two vertically intersecting circles, endows the magnetic robot with unique undulating rolling capabilities. Unlike traditional cylindrical robots, which can only achieve five degrees of freedom, the oloid enables multi-axis rotational movement through magnetic coupling, solving the challenge of precise rolling motion in medical robots.

The technology integrates a 28MHz micro-ultrasound array to create high-definition 3D reconstructions of scanned areas. Traditional biopsies require sample collection and laboratory analysis, taking 1 to 3 weeks, while this new technology enables immediate in-situ tissue analysis and diagnosis. The high-frequency ultrasound probe can observe microscopic tissue features, generating slice-like images. The team used 3D printing technology to manufacture an oloid magnetic endoscope (OME) with a diameter of just 21 millimeters (approximately the size of a penny), which demonstrated exceptional maneuverability in tests simulating environments such as the colon and esophagus. Animal experiments showed that the system can accurately identify gastrointestinal lesions, laying the groundwork for future human trials.

Professor Pietro Valdastri, the project coordinator, stated, "Our technology not only transforms diagnostic workflows but could also enable targeted drug delivery guided by ultrasound in the future." The team plans to initiate human trials in 2026, and their colonoscopy technology without ultrasound functionality has already entered commercialization through Atlas Endoscopy. Professor Sandy Cochran from the University of Glasgow emphasized, "The safety, cost-effectiveness, and precise localization of ultrasound imaging, combined with cutting-edge robotics, will drive fundamental changes in cancer diagnosis and treatment."

The research team believes this breakthrough will not only redefine endoscopy but also improve the success rate of colonoscopies through enhanced flexibility and diagnostic capabilities. Jane Nicholson, Executive Director of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) in the UK, commented, "By improving the precision of colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment, this interdisciplinary research has the potential to make significant strides in cancer prevention and care." Supported by multiple research funds in the UK and the EU, the study highlights the broad prospects of cross-disciplinary applications in medical robotics.